The bone marrow is in the center of the large bones. Bone marrow is spongy and consists of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. A biopsy procedure is usually done to test the function of the bone marrow. The red blood cells carry the oxygen through the body. The cells that fight infections are the white blood cells and the platelets cells stop the bleeding in the body.

The procedure that is done can be a combination of a biopsy, with an aspiration of the solid tissue of the bone. This is called a bone marrow exam. This procedure is usually painful, but the good thing is that the pain only lasts for a few seconds. The physician gives a local anesthetic that numbs the skin over the area where the biopsy is going to be done. When the needle is inserted, there will be crunching sounds and pressure. This is caused by the needle going through the bone. When the physician withdraws the bone marrow, there is a quick shooting pain that typically shoots down the leg. The site of the biopsy may be sore and bruised for a few days.

The Jamshidi Bone Marrow needle is 4" long and is an 11G needle. This large gauge needle is used to aspirate the bone marrow. They come 10/box. There is a difference in doing a biopsy and an aspiration. Sometimes one is done and sometimes both are done. With a biopsy, a small amount of the bone, along with a small amount of the bone marrow is removed. With the aspiration, only the marrow is removed.

A bone marrow biopsy or aspiration will help diagnosis the conditions in a patient that will cause them to have too many or too few of the different types of cells. Another thing that can be helpful is that it will show if there are any problems with the structure of the red blood cells. The typical problems that the physician may be looking for is disorders such as leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or myelofibrosis. This test goes a long way in helping the physician determine what course of treatment to take with cancers and infections.

Problems that can occur after this procedure is bleeding from the biopsy site. Pressure is to be held for at least 10 minutes after the procedure. People who take blood thinners or who have bleeding problems have an increased chance of bleeding after the procedure. Another possible risk is infection at the site of the biopsy site. On a rare occasion, the biopsy is taken from the sternum or the breastbone. If this is done, there is a possibility of injuring the lungs, the heart or one of the major blood vessels.

Bone marrow tests are usually simple and for most people are safe. Complications with this procedure are actually fairly rare. Because of some pre-existing conditions, there are some people for whom this test is not safe. The test should be discussed with your physician before you decide whether you will have the bone marrow test done.